The rebellion was however defeated, but as the Han dynasty began to weaken by late 2nd century and China (中国) started to descend into state of turmoil, the indigenous peoples of Vietnam rose again and some became free. In 40 BC, the Trưng Sisters led the first uprising of indigenous tribes and peoples against Chinese domination. Traditional Chinese became the official language as well as the later developed independent Nôm script of Vietnamese. Both were swept by the Chinese Han dynasty expansion from the north - the Han conquest of Nanyue brought parts of Vietnam under the Chinese rule in 111 BC. In Central, Sa Huynh culture of Austronesian Chamic peoples also thrived. In the north, the Dongsonian culture and its indigenous chiefdoms of Van Lang and Au Lac started to flourish by 500 BC.
![who controlled vietnam for more than a thousand years beginning in 200 b.c.? who controlled vietnam for more than a thousand years beginning in 200 b.c.?](https://us-static.z-dn.net/files/d76/314749ff274e96f19f96f101a76be51f.png)
Vietnam's long coastal and narrowed lands, rugged mountainous terrains, with two major deltas, were soon home to several different ancient cultures and civilizations. While in the later times, ongoing research from archaeologists have suggested that the Vietnamese Đông Sơn culture were traceable back to Northern Vietnam, Guangxi and Laos around 700 BC.
![who controlled vietnam for more than a thousand years beginning in 200 b.c.? who controlled vietnam for more than a thousand years beginning in 200 b.c.?](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12685-021-00292-6/MediaObjects/12685_2021_292_Fig5_HTML.png)
The need to have a single authority to prevent floods of the Red River, to cooperate in constructing hydraulic systems, trade exchange, and to repel invaders, led to the creation of the first legendary Vietnamese states approximately 2879 BC.
![who controlled vietnam for more than a thousand years beginning in 200 b.c.? who controlled vietnam for more than a thousand years beginning in 200 b.c.?](https://www.petrofilm.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/_norway_haakonsvern_Oct_11_2011_Rear_Adm_Bernt_Grimstvedt_chief_of_the_Royal_Norwegian_navy_speaks_with_Sailors_assigned_to_the_Los_Angeles-class_submarine_USS_Miami_SSN_755_while_during_tour_of_the_ship.88154607_std.jpg)
The Red River valley formed a natural geographic and economic unit, bounded to the north and west by mountains and jungles, to the east by the sea and to the south by the Red River Delta. Pre-historic Vietnam was home to some of the world's earliest civilizations and societies-making them one of the world's first people who had practiced agriculture. Archaeological findings from 1965, which are still under research, show the remains of two hominins closely related to the Sinanthropus, dating as far back as the Middle Pleistocene era, roughly half a million years ago. The history of Vietnam can be traced back to around 20,000 years ago, as the first modern humans arrived and settled on this land, known as the Hoabinhians, which can be traced back to the modern-day Negritos.